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The Art of Technical Troubleshooting

Author: Konrad

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Where are DNS servers and how do they work

All human-readable domain names are converted into IP addresses before you receive any content from a website. When you type a URL like google.com into your browser’s address bar, your computer first needs to find the IP address of the google.com server before it can get anything from it. This process is handled by the
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Classes of IPv4 Address

There are around 4.3 billion IPv4 addresses and managing all those addresses without any classification is next to impossible. For easier management and assignment IP addresses are organized in numeric order and divided into the following 5 classes: IP Class Address Range Maximum number of networks Class A 1-126 126 (27-2) Class B 128-191 16384
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Do you know how to kill?

Most people use the kill command in its simplest form: and assume that this is all the command can do. Many users are unaware that kill supports numerous additional options and signal types. In fact, kill does not simply “kill” a process — it sends a signal. By default, it sends SIGTERM (15), but it
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DEAMON – helper spirit | INIT SYSTEM -> SYSTEMD -> DEAMON

People often confuse “demon” with “daemon” and think they mean the same thing, but they are different. A demon is usually understood as an evil spirit. A daemon, spelled with “ae,” comes from the Greek word daimōn, which referred to a supernatural being or guiding spirit. In Greek mythology, a daimon was not necessarily evil;
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Remapping Additional Mouse Buttons – without dedicated software

I have a mouse with additional buttons that, by default, work as back and forward. I want to change them to work as copy and paste. This method works for Wayland (not for X11). How to check whether you’re using X11 or Wayland: If the output is Wayland, then we can start installing the software.
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Linux Group File Sharing

How to Share Files Between Users on the Same Machine When you want to share files between users on the same machine, you can create a group using groupadd: You can verify that the group was created: Output: 1002 is the Group ID (GID). Add Users to the Group Check the group members: or Output:
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Big Three Prefix

What connects the “Big Three”: The prefix “ch” stands for “change.”
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The “Superuser” Evolution

Most people think sudo stands for “superuser do,” but it originally meant “substitute user do.” In modern Linux like Ubuntu, the root account is disabled by default (no password), making the classic su - command unusable. Instead, Ubuntu users rely on sudo -i to simulate a login shell. This “sudo-only” approach is safer because it
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